Anatomy
The term
"anatomy" is derived from the Greek word "Anatome," meaning
"to cut up." It refers to the study of the structures that make up
the human body and the relationships between these structures. Anatomy
encompasses several sub-specialties, including Gross Anatomy, Microscopic
Anatomy, Developmental Anatomy, and Embryology.
- Gross Anatomy examines the body's structure
without the use of a microscope. It is further categorized into:
- Systemic Anatomy: Studies the functional
relationships of organs within a system.
- Regional Anatomy: Focuses on specific regions
of the body, studying the interrelations of structures within those
areas.
Both systemic and
regional approaches are used to study gross anatomy.
- Microscopic Anatomy (Histology) requires the use of a
microscope to study tissues that form the various organs of the body.
Physiology
The word
"physiology" is derived from the Greek term for the study of nature.
It focuses on understanding how the body and its parts function. Anatomy and
physiology are often studied together to provide a comprehensive understanding
of the human body.
Homeostasis
Homeostasis refers
to the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment, despite
constant changes in the external environment. This relative stability of
internal conditions is crucial for health and is achieved through the
coordination of structure and function.
Under normal
conditions, homeostasis is maintained by adaptive mechanisms, including control
centers in the brain and chemical substances like hormones, which are secreted
by various organs into the bloodstream. Key functions regulated by homeostatic mechanisms
include blood pressure, body temperature, breathing, and heart rate.
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