The human skeletal
system is made up of bones, cartilage, and ligaments, which work together to
provide the framework for the body. Skeletal tissues are essential for
supporting the body's weight, protecting vital organs, and allowing movement.
There are two main
types of skeletal tissues: compact bone and cancellous bone. These tissues
differ in their structure and function, but both are important for maintaining
the strength and integrity of the skeletal system.
Compact Bone: The Hard and
Dense Tissue
Compact bone, also
known as cortical bone, is the hard and dense outer layer of most bones in the
body. It provides strength and protection to the bones, making them resistant
to fractures and other forms of damage.
The structure of
compact bone is made up of osteons, which are cylindrical units that contain
concentric layers of bone tissue called lamellae. These lamellae surround a
central canal, which contains blood vessels and nerves that supply the bone
with nutrients and oxygen.
Cancellous Bone: The Spongy
and Porous Tissue
Cancellous bone, also
known as trabecular or spongy bone is a more porous and less dense type of bone
tissue found at the ends of long bones and in the vertebrae. It provides
flexibility and shock absorption to the bones, making them more resistant to
stress and impact.
The structure of
cancellous bone is made up of trabeculae, which are thin, branching plates of
bone tissue that form a network of interconnected spaces. These spaces contain
bone marrow, which produces red and white blood cells and plays a vital role in
the immune system.
Cartilage: The Flexible and
Tough Tissue
Cartilage is a tough
and flexible connective tissue found in joints, the rib cage, and other parts
of the body. It provides a smooth surface for bones to glide against each
other, reducing friction and allowing movement.
The structure of
cartilage is made up of chondrocytes, which are specialized cells that produce
and maintain the extracellular matrix of the tissue. This matrix is composed of
collagen fibers and proteoglycans, which give cartilage its strength and
flexibility.
Ligaments: The Tough and
Elastic Tissue
Ligaments are tough and
elastic bands of connective tissue that connect bones to other bones in joints.
They provide stability and support to the joints, preventing excessive movement
and reducing the risk of injury.
The structure of
ligaments is made up of collagen fibers, which give them their strength and
elasticity. When a ligament is stretched or torn, it can result in pain and
instability in the joint.
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