Biochemistry is a
scientific field that studies the chemical compounds and processes that occur
within living organisms, and plays a vital role in expanding our understanding
of biological systems. Biochemistry has applications in numerous areas, such as
agriculture, medicine, pharmaceuticals, and food industries. Recent
developments in genetics, biotechnology, and the molecular approach to genetic
diseases are attributed to the field of biochemistry.
Biochemistry is a
unifying theme in biology, as it underlies various biological processes such as
photosynthesis, digestion, respiration, excretion, and muscle contraction,
which all occur within cells. These processes are highly organized and are part
of the larger metabolic process, which encompasses all chemical reactions
taking place within cells. Metabolism involves two types of chemical reactions,
anabolism, where complex molecules are formed by combining simpler substances,
and catabolism, where complex molecules are broken down into simpler ones, with
the release of energy.
Carbohydrates,
proteins, and lipids are present in living cells and are interconverted through
coordinated catabolic and anabolic activities. Overall, biochemistry is crucial
in providing an understanding of how biological systems work and in advancing
the fields of medicine and biotechnology.
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