Genomics, a discipline
within genetics, differs from genetics in that it views an entire system,
encompassing the mapping, sequencing, and functional analysis of an organism's
entire genetic material, or genome. The origins of genomics can be traced back
to technological advancements in the 1980s that enabled the sequencing of DNA,
resulting in massive amounts of data.
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| The genetic relatedness between plants, fungi, and animals, based on genomic analysis, is demonstrated by this eukaryotic phylogenetic tree. |
The name
"genomics" was first introduced in 1986 by Thomas Roderick, a
geneticist from Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine. Analytical tools have
played a crucial role in the mapping and sequencing of genomes.
DNA sequencing methods
have improved dramatically since James Watson, Francis Crick, and Rosalind
Franklin discovered the DNA structure in 1953. Semi-automated and fully
automated DNA sequencing machines have greatly expedited the laborious task of
sequencing DNA, while information processing systems have been developed in the
field of bioinformatics to store and analyze the vast amounts of generated
data. Comparative genomics allows for the direct comparison of DNA sequences
among organisms, revealing a high degree of similarity between humans and
insects, supporting the idea of the early origin of the genetic code.
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