Isohemagglutinins, also
spelled as "isohaemagglutinins," are antibodies that are naturally
produced by the immune system in response to certain blood group antigens that
are not present on an individual's own red blood cells.
Isohemagglutinins are
typically of the IgM type of antibodies and can cause agglutination (clumping)
of red blood cells that express the corresponding antigen. For example, a person
with blood type A will have naturally occurring isoagglutinins against the B
antigen, and vice versa for blood type B. People with blood type AB have
neither anti-A nor anti-B isoagglutinins, while those with blood type O have
both anti-A and anti-B isoagglutinins.
Isohemagglutinins can be
clinically significant in transfusion medicine and transplantation, as they can
cause hemolytic transfusion reactions and transplant rejection if not properly
matched. Therefore, blood typing and cross-matching are essential to ensure
compatibility between donors and recipients.
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