It is likely that you
are familiar with SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19. This
microscopic virus, which measures just 120 nanometers in diameter, has had a
profound impact on the world. Each virus cell is composed of various
components, with distinct protein spikes protruding from the glycoprotein
membrane that surrounds the virus. These spikes give the coronavirus family its
name, as "corona" means "crown" in Latin. COVID-19 stands
for "coronavirus disease of 2019."
The virus is enveloped
by a layer of lipid molecules that coat its body. This fatty layer is delicate
and can be destroyed by soap, making it our most effective weapon against the
virus. Washing your hands for at least 20 seconds with soap can break down the
virus's membrane, rendering it harmless.
Inside each virus cell
lies a small sample of RNA, which carries the virus's genetic code and allows
it to multiply and infect. To enter our bodies, the virus uses its protein
spikes to attach to healthy cells in our respiratory system. Once attached, the
viral RNA is released, leading to infection. The virus then replicates, killing
healthy cells and potentially causing lifelong damage or death.
However, researchers
believe that the protein spikes that make the virus so virulent could also be
its weakness. By injecting people with a harmless protein containing the
genetic code of the spikes, researchers hope to teach the body to create
antibodies against them. These antibodies would cover the spikes, preventing
the virus from penetrating healthy cells. While this approach is one of about
30 trials underway around the world, researchers agree that a vaccine is still
12 to 18 months away.
In the meantime, the
best way to avoid infection is to wash your hands regularly, avoid touching
your face, and practice physical distancing.
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| THE CORONA VIRUS |
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