Inside
our cells, there's a special process called transcription. It's like copying
important messages from a book. These messages are called mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA.
In some cells, there's only one way to copy, but in others, there are three
ways.
When
making mRNA, a special machine called RNA polymerase II starts by attaching to
a special spot on a piece of DNA. This spot is like a sign that tells the
machine where to start. The DNA then opens up, and one of the DNA strands is
used as a guide to make the mRNA. The other strand is just there to help.
In
some cells, there are two spots where the machine attaches, like two signs. One
spot is called the 35-sequence, and the other is the 10-sequence. These spots
help the machine know where to start. There's also a helper called the sigma
particle that helps the machine begin correctly. The machine reads the DNA code
and makes a special molecule called RNA. It starts at one end and adds one
piece at a time until it reaches the end. When it sees a special signal, it
stops.
In
different cells, like those in our bodies, the mRNA gets some changes. It gets
a cap at one end, like a hat, and a tail at the other end. These help the mRNA
travel and stay safe. Some parts of the mRNA are taken out, leaving only the
important parts. This is like removing extra words from a sentence. The
finished mRNA is now ready to leave the cell's special room, the nucleus, and
do its job.
So,
in our tiny cell world, this transcription process is like making copies of
messages. These messages get dressed up with caps and tails, and only the
important parts stay. It's a smart way our cells make sure the right messages
get where they need to go.
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