Solubility is the ability of
a substance (called solute) to dissolve in a given solvent to form a homogenous
mixture, called a solution. It is a measure of the maximum amount of solute
that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and
pressure. Solubility is dependent on several factors, including the nature of
the solute and solvent, temperature, pressure, and concentration.
For example, sugar has a
high solubility in water, as it dissolves easily to form a homogeneous
solution. On the other hand, oil has low solubility in water, as it does not
dissolve in water and forms a separate layer.
Solubility is typically
expressed in units of grams of solute per unit volume of solvent, such as grams
per liter (g/L) or grams per milliliter (g/mL). The solubility of a substance
is affected by various factors, such as temperature, pressure, and the presence
of other solutes in the solvent. A substance that has high solubility in a
given solvent is said to be soluble, while a substance that has low solubility
is said to be insoluble.
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