Ferns are type of vascular
plants that reproduce via spores instead of seeds. They belong to the division
Pteridophyta, which includes around 10,000 species of plants. Ferns are known
for their distinctive leaves, called fronds, which are often finely divided and
have a delicate, lacy appearance.
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Ferns have a complex life
cycle that involves both a haploid gametophyte and a diploid sporophyte stage.
The gametophyte stage produces both male and female reproductive structures,
which then fuse to form a fertilized egg. The sporophyte stage grows from the
fertilized egg and produces spores that are dispersed by the wind or water.
Ferns can be found in a wide
range of habitats, including tropical rainforests, deserts, and temperate
forests. Some ferns are epiphytes, meaning that they grow on other plants
without harming them, while others are terrestrial, growing in soil.
Ferns are important in
horticulture and landscaping, and are often grown for their ornamental fronds.
They are also used in medicine, as some fern species contain compounds that
have been found to have antibacterial and antifungal properties.
Ferns are a diverse and
fascinating group of plants that play important ecological and cultural roles.
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