Spermatophytes And Their Salient Features

Spermatophytes are a group of plants that produce seeds for reproduction. They are also known as seed plants and are divided into two major groups: gymnosperms and angiosperms.

Here are some salient features of spermatophytes:

Seeds

The most important feature of spermatophytes is that they produce seeds, which protect and nourish the developing embryo. Seeds contain the embryo, stored food, and a protective outer covering.

Vascular tissue

Spermatophytes have well-developed vascular tissues, including xylem and phloem, which transport water, nutrients, and sugars throughout the plant.

Roots, stems, and leaves

Spermatophytes have well-developed roots, stems, and leaves. The roots anchor the plant and absorb water and nutrients from the soil. The stem provides support and transports nutrients and water between the roots and leaves. The leaves are the site of photosynthesis, where the plant produces food using sunlight.

Reproductive structures

Spermatophytes have reproductive structures that are specialized for seed production. In gymnosperms, the male reproductive structures are cones, while the female reproductive structures are ovules. In angiosperms, the male reproductive structures are flowers, and the female reproductive structures are located in the ovary.

Dominant generation

Spermatophytes have a dominant sporophyte generation, which is the plant that produces spores. The gametophyte generation is reduced and is dependent on the sporophyte for nutrients and protection.

Spermatophytes are an important group of plants that have evolved adaptations to survive and reproduce in a variety of environments. They are diverse and include some of the largest and oldest organisms on Earth, such as the giant sequoia and the bristlecone pine.